In today’s interconnected world—defined by the rapid flow of capital, information, and talent—cities have transformed from peripheral players into key actors on the international stage. In this context, urban diplomacy, also known as paradiplomacy, has evolved beyond a purely cultural or political tool into one of the most powerful drivers of economic growth and development….
Geographical and Climatic PositionArak is one of the most strategic and key cities in Iran, located in the heart of the country within Markazi Province. Historically, Arak has played an important role in Iran’s industry, culture, politics, and economy and is currently known as the “Industrial Capital of Iran.” Let’s explore Arak from various perspectives….
In today’s world, the role of cities is no longer limited to geographical boundaries and traditional functions. With the growing trend of urbanization and the globalization of the economy, the concept of “city diplomacy” has emerged as a modern tool for international engagement among cities. City diplomacy refers to a set of international activities and…
Urban diplomacy, as the international engagement of cities to achieve political, economic, and cultural goals, has gained increasing importance in recent years. However, its successful implementation faces multiple challenges that require careful analysis and strategic approaches. The following examines the key challenges, with a focus on existing evidence and global examples—particularly those relevant to developing…
Over the past two decades, various cities—both large and small—have actively engaged in international affairs and achieved significant accomplishments in cultural, economic, environmental, social, and scientific domains. Urban diplomacy refers to the participation of municipalities in international networks, signing friendship treaties, and advancing joint initiatives with other cities. Below are some prominent examples of cities…
Urban diplomacy, or paradiplomacy, refers to the international engagements and collaborations of local governments and municipalities. Within this framework, mayors and city officials utilize tools such as sister-city agreements, working groups, and inter-city networks to pursue their cities’ economic and cultural interests on a transnational level. Urban diplomacy complements the formal diplomacy of national governments…
In the past decade, the role of cities in global politics has become increasingly prominent. International challenges such as climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic have had their most significant impacts in urban areas, transforming cities into key players on the global stage. Reports emphasize that cities must invest in resources, expertise, and capacity to…
Urban diplomacy refers to the activities and relationships among cities and other subnational entities aimed at achieving political, economic, and cultural objectives. Throughout history, cities have consistently served as significant centers for political exchange and interaction, often acting as mediators in conflicts between parties. However, the emergence of urban diplomacy in its modern sense can…
Urban diplomacy refers to direct interaction and international cooperation among cities, serving as an effective alternative to traditional state diplomacy. This approach highlights “cities’ capacity to formulate inter-city policies” and addresses the limitations of governmental diplomacy in many areas. In Iran, cities engage in the international arena by joining global networks and organizations (such as…
Examples of Urban Diplomacy in Iran Overview of of Urban Diplomacy in Iran Challenges and Opportunities Tools and Mechanisms in Urban Diplomacy Conclusion Introduction to Urban Diplomacy in the Islamic Republic of Iran Definitions, Key Concepts, and the Importance of Urban Diplomacy in the Context of Iran’s Foreign Policy and National Development Urban diplomacy, as…
